American University, Boston University, Long Beach State University, The University of Denver, the University of Detroit, George Washington University, Marquette University, New York University, St. John’s University, Saint Joseph’s University, The University of San Francisco, Santa Clara University, Seton Hall University, and Xavier University are smaller colleges that at one time fielded intercollegiate football programs and then saw Pro Football support chip away just enough of their fan base to make football too expensive to continue to finance at the major college level.
The University of Chicago was once a member of what is now called the Big Ten Conference, and their star back Jay Berwanger won the first Heisman Trophy. The Maroons won the Big Ten Conference (then called The Western Conference) seven times under legendary coach Amos Alonzo Stagg.
The University of Dayton was a division 1 football program into the mid 1970’s, and as late as the 1960’s, the Flyers were beating Louisville and Cincinnati. They played a lot of teams from the Mid-American Conference and won a good share of those contests. Dayton is in the Cincinnati market for those not geographically interested.
The University of Denver won three championships in the Skyline Conference, which is the league that sowed the seeds for today’s Mountain West Conference. As late as their final season in college football, 1960, the Pioneers were beating Washington State and Colorado State. DU once dominated programs like Brigham Young, Utah, New Mexico, and San Jose St. When the Broncos were born in 1960, the Pioneers football program ended.
The University of Detroit played Big Ten and SEC opponents into the early 1960’s, and the Titans beat teams like Boston College, Cincinnati, Tulsa, and Oklahoma State in the 1950’s. Support for UD football waned as the Detroit Lions’ support increased.
Duquesne University played teams like Alabama, Florida, Clemson, North Carolina, and Mississippi State into the 1950s. The Dukes finished in the top 10 in 1939, having beaten former number one Pittsburgh in a battle of the Steel City.
George Washington was a member of the Southern Conference when that league was still Division 1 and included teams like West Virginia. The Colonials went to the Sun Bowl, beating home town favorite Texas Western (UTEP) 13-0. GWU played SEC teams into the 1960s and competed in some of those games.
In the late 1950’s, Marquette’s schedule was more difficult then than most FBS teams today. The Golden Eagles, then known as the Warriors, played teams like Oklahoma State, Michigan, Pittsburgh, Wisconsin, Boston College, TCU, Arizona State, and Penn State. MU actually went to the Cotton Bowl in the mid 1930’s.
Saint Mary’s, Santa Clara, and San Francisco all played Division 1 football into the early 1950’s. SMC was strong enough to play a bowl-bound Georgia team to a tie in 1950. The Gaels also beat Oregon that year. Santa Clara went to the Orange Bowl in 1950 and beat a Bear Bryant-coached Kentucky team that had the great Babe Parilli at quarterback. They had recent wins over Oklahoma and Stanford prior to beating Kentucky. San Francisco had one of the greatest players of all time in Ollie Matson, who enjoyed a lengthy pro career with four NFL teams. USF was 9-0 in 1951, their final year playing football.
All of these programs were once major college teams. Most of these schools are private and small. Another thing all of these schools have in common is they are located in cities where pro football eventually became the dominant sport in town, and these small, private schools lost too much of their support to sustain their programs.
The Washington Redskins were in Boston before moving to the nation’s capital. After they arrived, American University and George Washington University lost a lot of their support, as fans chose Sammy Baugh over the old college try.
The University of Chicago lost most of its support when the Chicago Bears became the Monsters of the Midway and began winning big in the NFL.
The University of Detroit stopped getting support when Bobby Layne made the Detroit Lions the hot ticket in the Motor City. Duquesne stopped getting crowds when the Steelers took over the market, and even though the Steelers were not good until 1972, DU couldn’t compete with the much larger University of Pittsburgh in town.
Marquette lost too much support when Vince Lombardi became head coach of the Green Bay Packers. Back then, Green Bay played half of their home games in Milwaukee’s County Stadium.
The San Francisco 49ers were part of the upstart All-American Football Conference. When the Cleveland Browns, Baltimore Colts, and 49ers merged into the NFL in 1950, it marked the death knell for the smaller private college football programs in the Bay Area. California and Stanford survived but lost a lot of fans, but Saint Mary’s, Santa Clara, and San Francisco could not survive.
Denver and Dayton, along with Xavier, were cities where the American Football League came to town and in a couple of years had become as popular as the NFL, maybe more popular to younger football fans like me, who chose the pass-happy AFL over the conservative NFL.
What am I getting at by this long introduction? As someone that has lived in Nashville for most of my six decades, I have watched Vanderbilt University struggle to compete in college football for the last 60 years. The Commodores have never been a factor in the SEC since I was born. Vandy had been a dominant program in the South through the 1920’s, and as late as 1937, the black and gold came within minutes of winning the SEC and going to the Rose Bowl, only to lose 9-7 to Alabama in the final game.
In 1948, the great Grantland Rice, a Vanderbilt alum, wrote in his national column at the end of the year that Vanderbilt was the best team in the nation. That Commodore squad caught fire at halftime of the Kentucky game. Sporting a record of 0-2-1 and trailing Kentucky 7-6, then Coach Henry “Red” Sanders blew his top in the locker room at the half. Vanderbilt came out in the second half and destroyed a good Kentucky team 26-7. Vandy followed it up with seven consecutive wins, all of them blowout victories, to finish 8-2-1. They were invited to the 1949 Orange Bowl to play Georgia, but the Bulldogs had the right to refuse Vandy as part of a contractual agreement with the SEC Champions being allowed to choose their Orange Bowl opponent. Georgia voted to play a much weaker Texas team, and the joke was on the Bulldogs, as Texas didn’t take kindly to being considered fodder. The Longhorns hooked the Bulldogs.
In the 1950’s, under Coach Art Guepe, Vanderbilt completed a 5-year string where their worst record was 5-5. Included in that run, the 1955 team went 8-3 with a Gator Bowl win over Auburn. The 1955 to 1959 record was a combined 28-16-6. Their last game of the 1950’s was a 14-0 win over Tennessee in Knoxville that kept the Vols out of a bowl.
Something happened in 1960 that forever changed Vanderbilt’s chances to compete in the SEC. Beginning in 1960, and becoming more liberalized for the next four seasons, the NCAA changed the rules on substitution. Through the 1950’s, college football was one platoon football. In other words, a team’s starting eleven on offense was also its starting eleven on defense. Centers became linebackers. Halfbacks became defensive halfbacks. Often, a team’s quarterback was its free safety and basically defensive quarterback. The change in rules started with one that allowed teams to remove their quarterback from having to play on defense. By 1964, football was 100% two platoon. Nobody had to start on both sides of the ball any more. Teams could basically substitute at will on every play.
At the same time, another rule changed the game. With one platoon football, coaches could not send a player into the game with the play call decided by coaches. They could not use signals to try to relay a play call, as this resulted in a 15-yard penalty. Thus, quarterbacks had to be their own offensive coordinators while their team had the ball and defensive coordinators when their team was on defense.,
Under the one platoon rule, a team with 15 to 20 good players and a smart quarterback, like Don Orr, who could be a coach on the field could compete and even thrive. By the 1960’s, to compete in major conferences like the SEC, a team needed 40 to 50 really good players, because teams with just 10-15 good players would be worn down by multiple substitutions. This allowed players to beef up by 50 to 100 pounds, because they no longer needed to play 60 minutes.
Vanderbilt stopped competing at the end of 1959. Starting in 1960, with all the rules changes, other SEC schools could dominate the Commodores in most years just by numbers alone. Tennessee could send three sets of offensive and defensive linemen into a game and see very little reduction in talent. Georgia could send three sets of running backs into games against a Vanderbilt defense that did not have the depth to counter the move. Thus, in many games over the next 25 years, Vandy could keep games close for a half and even into the third quarter, before they wore down and lost.
In the 1977 season, Vanderbilt led number one Oklahoma into the fourth quarter in Norman. They were in a tossup game with Alabama. They led LSU, Georgia, Ole Miss, and Kentucky for large parts of the games before falling apart in the second half. They lost all of those games and finished 2-9.
Brief interludes allowed Vanderbilt to post a couple of winning seasons overall. Thanks to playing five “out of conference” games and just six conference games, the Commodores were able to go 5-0 outside of the SEC in both 1974 and 1975 and enjoy winning seasons. The 1975 team went 7-4 but was outscored by almost two to one overall and more than three to one in conference games. Only in 1982 did Vandy compete for the SEC championship.
Under the genius of offensive coordinator Watson Brown, the Commodores became the first SEC team in over a dozen years to pass the ball more than they ran the ball. Vandy threw the ball 40 to 50 times a game, and other teams were not ready with planned pass defense, as most defenses were still trying to stop the veer and wishbone offenses. A fourth quarter collapse against number one Georgia led to the Bulldogs coming back to win. Had Vandy hung on to win that game, they would have been SEC Champions and would have gone to the Sugar Bowl rather than the Hall of Fame Bowl in Birmingham.
After 1982, Vanderbilt did not post a winning season until they went 7-6 in 2008. They have only enjoyed one other winning record in conference play, in 2012. With the 2019 season concluding in two weeks for this year’s Commodores, and with a last place finish in the SEC East already assured, let’s look at some facts from the last 60 seasons of college football in Vandyville.
In 60 years:
Vanderbilt has finished with two winning records in the SEC, and they have finished in the top 5 of the league once.
Vanderbilt has finished in last place 32 out of 60 years and in second to last place another 18, meaning in 83.3% of the time, Vandy has finished in last place or second to last place in the SEC.
Vanderbilt has finished SEC play without a conference win 19 different times and with one conference win 22 times. That’s 68.3% of the time that they finished with zero or one conference win.
I could go on and on and show you how many times Vanderbilt finished last in offense and in defense in conference play, and how they once lost 33 consecutive SEC games, and so on.
Since 1998, Vanderbilt has had to share Nashville with the Tennessee Titans. The Titans won the AFC and came within a yard of winning the Super Bowl in February of 2000. They followed that up with the best record in the NFL in 2000 and players like Eddie George, Steve McNair, Albert Haynesworth, Frank Wycheck, and others became as famous in Nashville as Joe Dimaggio, Mickey Mantle, Lou Gehrig, and Babe Ruth were in New York City.
Once the Titans owned the Nashville market, Vanderbilt football attendance fell off by large numbers. Even in the days when Vanderbilt was a perennial last place team in the SEC, Vanderbilt Stadium was full or close to full with Vanderbilt fans. During the 1980’s, Vanderbilt public address announcer Frank Crowell would yell through the microphone for the fans in the stands to “stand up and show your gold!” The deafening roar was so loud that the SEC opponents began to complain to the SEC that Vanderbilt held an unfair advantage, and their players could not hear their quarterbacks’ signals. As unfair as the sideline benches were at Vandy’s Memorial Gymnasium, watching other teams jump and lose five yards for illegal procedure over and over led to the league banning Crowell’s calling for 35,000+ Vandy fans to stand up and show their gold.
As Nashville has become America’s “It” city, and 100 people began moving to town every day, the city became a new melting pot in America. What was once a nice metropolitan area of about a half million people morphed into a major metropolis of two million in very little time. The newcomers that came to town brought their former allegiances with them, and in a typical Saturday, you can find more people watching Big Ten football games on TV in Middle Tennessee than going to Vanderbilt games. On a typical Saturday around Noon, if you drive to establishments showing football, you will see many out of state license plates, especially those from Illinois, Michigan, and Texas.
Vanderbilt Stadium only sells out now when the opposing team buys 35,000 or more tickets. At the Georgia and LSU games this year, the visiting crowd was so loud that Vanderbilt had to use silent signals in their home stadium to avoid jumping on offense and losing five yards for illegal procedure.
As Nashville continues to become the new Los Angeles, and the majority of the sports fans in Nashville turn more and more to professional sports and continue to fill sports bars to watch their Big Ten and Pac-12 games on Saturday, Vanderbilt Stadium will continue to see fewer and fewer local fans coming to cheer the black and gold. Even though Vanderbilt’s stadium seats 40,000, and the next smallest stadium in the SEC seats more than 61,000, there are not enough living alumni in the Nashville area to fill up Vanderbilt Stadium. Only about 24,000 Vandy alums live within 90 minutes of Dudley Field. At every other SEC school, there are more local alums within 90 minutes of their much larger stadiums than there are seats. In Nashville, there are more than 5,000 Auburn alums living in the area, and most of these 5,000 will be in a seat at Vanderbilt Stadium when the Tigers make their infrequent visits to Vandy. Obviously, the University of Tennessee dwarfs Vanderbilt in alums in the Nashville area, but there are also Nashville area alumni clubs for schools like Alabama, Florida, and Kentucky that outnumber membership of the local Vanderbilt club. Only a small minority of Vanderbilt alumni “waste time on sports,” according to one distinguished Vandy alum I know.
Malcolm Turner has given Derek Mason a vote of confidence and a guarantee that he will continue to serve as head football coach at Vanderbilt. What few fans that are left, and this could be as few as a couple thousand, were mostly opposed to this move. Local media in Nashville reacted like the citizens of Nashville might have reacted had Governor Isham G. Harris stated in 1861 that Tennessee would stay in the Union.
Coach Mason is not the reason for Vanderbilt’s 60 year inconsequential existence in the SEC during the Autumn months. There are layers and layers of reasons why the program has failed with small peaks and large valleys through the decades. Mason was spot on when he spoke of the program moving in waves. In actuality, as I told a friend of mine who then posted what I said on another website, Vanderbilt has been caught up in a six-decade Tsunami, and only briefly was the football team able to poke its head above water.
There are other reasons why Vanderbilt football stands to suffer in the next decade. The school is becoming more select when choosing its student body. At the present time, Vanderbilt admits just one out of every 12 applicants. That is more select than half of the Ivy League schools. However, I have heard from faculty members that the figure of 5% has been mentioned as a future acceptance rate of applicants.
Vanderbilt does not have a Physical Education major or anything close to this. Any student-athlete enrolling in the school is going to study more hours a day than he gets to devote to football. Even though there are a couple of programs that athletes have been funneled toward, these are not the proverbial “basket-weaving” courses that public universities have offered for years.
In a typical year, the top 350 high school football recruits are 4-stars with the top 25 qualifying for 5-stars. The top SEC programs typically sign 20 to 25 players that are rated as 4-stars or 5-stars. The next tier of SEC programs typically sign 10-20 of these top recruits. The rest of the league, not including Vanderbilt, signs around 5 to 10 of these elite athletes. In most years, Vanderbilt does not sign even one. Only 16, 4-star recruits have signed with Vanderbilt in the 21st Century, according to 247sports.com. No 5-star player has ever signed with Vanderbilt, and the school’s historically top two recruits both transferred to other schools during their collegiate careers when they figured out that the academic load and the poor results on the field were greatly reducing their draft stock.
This year, three Vanderbilt offensive skill players chose to remain in school for their final seasons, when they all would have been second day draft picks had they chosen to go pro, and they would have walked down Lower Broadway in Nashville to crowds of more than 200,000 football fans at the NFL Draft. Keyshawn Vaughn, Jared Pinkney, and Kalija Lipscomb have all seen their draft status weakened. If they had another chance, they all would have likely declared for the NFL Draft or if possible would have become immediately eligible transfers elsewhere like Jalen Hurts at Oklahoma. All three could have chosen to finish their careers at a place like Clemson or Oregon, where a future legendary pro quarterback was leading the offense. How many catches might Pinkney or Lipscomb made with Trevor Lawrence or Justin Herbert throwing them the ball? Imagine Vaughn playing in the backfield at Washington State, where Mike Leach could use a 1,000-yard running back who can also catch 50 passes out of the backfield.
This next part is strictly my opinion, but as a former coach of junior high and senior high basketball programs, I have seen reasons for why Vanderbilt football has ridden the so-called waves that Coach Mason speaks of. Rather than describe the varying degrees of lack of success sprinkled with little teases of success, I would instead refer to the generations of America. I am no Gertrude Stein, so I don’t tend to agree with the naming of the generations from the GI Generation through today’s Generation Z youth. I have seen changes that require more than the generational tags that are famous today. For instance, the so-called Baby Boomers born between 1946 and 1955 are not the same as those like me born between 1956 and 1964. I was just young enough to miss Vietnam, but just old enough to remember Jack Ruby shooting Lee Harvey Oswald on live television. My philosophy of life differs from my first cousin born in 1954 who saw many friends burning draft cards and leaving the US for Canada to avoid the Draft, or who fought courageously and then came home to be treated like they were coaches that went 0-12 on the football field.
For competition purposes, I separate this current young generation into two sub-groups: “Everybody Gets A Trophy” and “Every Competition Must Be Won.” There was a time when Generation Z children competing in sports played on teams that did not keep score or standings. Every child was a winner and nobody was a loser, and everybody received a trophy. As a former basketball coach with a winning percentage over 80% over the course of two decades, when this became the norm, I left coaching. Teaching our youth to play to win while playing fair and playing with sportsmanship was important to me. Competition is important with some limits.
In recent years, as I neared the start of my golden years, I have been volunteering for a local group of kids that need organized athletic activity. This includes basketball, baseball, and other sports. In addition after dark during the late Fall and Winter, these kids conclude their late afternoons indoors playing air hockey, ping pong, chess, and other games.
Enough of today’s kids have gone to the other extreme from the “Everybody Gets A Trophy Kids.” These kids play like every event is as important as the gladiators of ancient Rome. They play for blood, and if anybody gets in their way, there is heck to pay. If these kids I mentor were to form a basketball team, without any encouragement from me, they would play with the intensity that Bob Knight’s Indiana teams played between 1973 and 1987. Just last week, one of these kids, a young girl, lost in a game of around the world basketball shooting for the very first time in her life. This child has the potential to be a basketball star in high school and could have a college basketball career if she continues to grow to the height of her mother.
When she lost to a very athletic boy a year older than her, I thought she was going to destroy the building and bring it down like Samson. She blew her top and accused the boy of cheating, which he did not. She tried to throw a punch at him, and this is a boy that she has grown up knowing for all of their lives, as they couldn’t be any closer if they were brother and sister.
The psychology of being wrong with giving every kid a trophy has moved to the other extreme where every child believes he or she is the best and expects to win all the time. This can only be viewed in generalities, as the term “every child” really only means that the needle has moved from 60% trophy and 40% win all the time to 60% win all the time and 40% trophy.
That 20% swing has been murder on schools like Vanderbilt. Whereas a couple dozen of the top recruits in America might have been interested in finding out more about playing football for one of the finest academic institutions in the world, because just playing would get them a trophy, and in the meantime, that great diploma would lead to riches outside of football, today, the top recruits want to play the minimum three years and head on to the NFL. They want to win, win, win, and appear on national television week after week where they can in the near future sell their likeness for top dollar. Going to a top university where they would have to study many nights past Midnight and then have to worry more about that exam coming up next week than the All-American defensive end coming at them on Saturday isn’t something that appeals to enough of the top recruits that there are any left for the Vanderbilt’s of the world once the Georgia’s of the world have signed up their allotments.
The next Vaughn, Pinkney, or Lipscomb will look elsewhere to attend college. Why ruin your chance to play in the NFL, where the backup quarterback on top college teams can become starters in the NFL? Vanderbilt will be lucky to recruit 15, 3-star players in 2021.
Look at the rest of the NCAA FBS teams that are academic first schools. Northwestern, Rice, and Stanford are not enjoying great years either. Duke is on a downward spiral. When Vanderbilt was enjoying its brief peak several years back, Stanford was making regular appearances in New Year’s Day Bowl games. Northwestern was winning the Big Ten, and even Rice was enjoying a 10-win season. In the past, when Vanderbilt was suffering through 33 consecutive SEC losses, Northwestern was struggling with three total wins in six years. Rice was bringing up the rear in the old Southwest Conference.
Vanderbilt cannot compete in the SEC in football, and the academic reputation is priceless; allowing athletes that might struggle at the high school across the street from Vanderbilt (my alma mater–University School) to attend would just not be prudent.
Coach Mason has done a credible job in six years keeping Vanderbilt in contention to go to a bowl and he has taken the Commodores to two bowl games. In 60 years, Vandy has been to eight bowls. Mason has defeated Tennessee three years in a row. The last coach to beat the Vols three years in a row was Dan McGugin in the mid 1920’s. No other Vanderbilt coach ever beat Tennessee three times in their tenure much less three times in succession.
My belief is that eventually, Vanderbilt will not be able to afford to finance a football program at the Power Five Conference level and maybe at the FBS level. Even with the SEC annual paycheck, the program struggles to stay solvent. When other conference rivals enjoy $100 million annual revenues, and they have profits from $25 to $75 million a year, Vanderbilt struggles to balance their athletic books.
Basketball requires three scholarships per year to field a team of 12 players. Vanderbilt can find three basketball recruits per year and compete against other Division 1 programs. Of course, Vanderbilt cannot discontinue their football program and play in the SEC in other sports. The obvious solution is to either eliminate football and play Division 1 in other sports while searching for another conference; or drop to FCS football and join an FCS conference that does not allow scholarships, while playing Division 1 in all other sports; or as an extreme de-emphasize sports altogether and go to Division III in whatever sports they need to field.
Without a football program, the football stadium can be demolished, and the property can be put to a better use, one that just might help the university move into the one top 10 that really matters to the school–The US News and World Report Top Ten of American Colleges and Universities.
There is a perfect fit for Vanderbilt in the Southern Athletic Association. Schools in the SAA include Centre, Sewanee, Rhodes, and Millsaps. These schools also have about the same number of dedicated football fans as Vanderbilt.